Many people consider mathematics a waste of time. I disagree.

There are so many basic mechanisms in life which go back to simple mathematical concepts, especially of statistical nature. And too many people act all surprised by the (all too foreseeable) outcomes.

Especially the concepts that are of statistical nature lend themselves to be played around with numerically. In the posts of the present category, that’s what I typically do. Doing so helps me to solidify some intuitively preconceived understandings; and the result is easy to share when such a concept comes up during a discussion.
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Fail/Pass tests and the implied failure rate and confidence levels

Let's say we conduct a fail/pass test. We subject $n_\mathrm{s}$ samples to an accelerated (representative) life test of $m=1$ lifetime equivalents. The test is considered a success if $100\,\%$ of the $n_\mathrm{s}$ samples survive. Yet, this leaves the important question of how certain can we be that the population as…

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